Battery-Grade Lithium Carbonate produced from McDermitt
Released
Released
Announcement PDF
JLL
JNDAF
Engage with this announcement at the Jindalee Investor Hub
31 July 2024
Battery-Grade Lithium Carbonate
produced from McDermitt
• First production of Battery-Grade Lithium Carbonate (>99.5%) from test work completed at Hazen
Research Inc. in collaboration with Fluor - lead engineer for the PFS underway at the McDermitt
Lithium Project
• Production of Battery-Grade Lithium Carbonate marks a major milestone with all steps of the
McDermitt flowsheet now validated
• Flowsheet for McDermitt is very similar to Lithium Americas’ Thacker Pass Project currently under
construction 30km to the south of McDermitt
• Results will support the PFS, due for release in Q4 CY 2024
Jindalee Lithium Limited (Jindalee, the Company) is pleased to announce that battery-grade lithium
carbonate has been successfully produced from ore from the McDermitt Lithium Project (the Project)
(Figure 1). This marks an important milestone, with all steps of the processing flowsheet for the Project from
ore beneficiation and leaching to purification and production of battery-grade lithium carbonate now
validated (Figure 2).
These findings, together with other recently identified value optimisation opportunities, will be incorporated
in the Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS) currently underway and due for completion Q4 2024.
Jindalee’s CEO Ian Rodger commented:
"The successful production of battery-grade lithium carbonate from
McDermitt ore is a major milestone for Jindalee. This achievement
substantially de-risks our processing flowsheet and demonstrates
the potential for McDermitt to supply high-quality lithium chemicals
to the expanding US battery value chain.
We have been greatly encouraged by the exceptional results we have
achieved since commencing the PFS metallurgical test work
program with Fluor and Hazen in mid-2023 and anticipate that
these results will meaningfully support the outcomes of the
McDermitt Lithium Project PFS which is now due for release in Q4
CY 2024.”
Fig 1 – McDermitt Lithium Carbonate
Jindalee Lithium Limited
ABN 52 064 121 133
Level 2, 9 Havelock Street, West Perth, WA, 6005
PO Box 1033, West Perth, WA 6872
www.jindaleelithum.com
E: enquiry@jindalee.net
P: +61 9321 7550
F: +61 9321 7950
Visit Jindalee’s interactive
Investor Hub
https://investorhub.jindaleelithium.com/welcome
Discussion
After investigating various alternatives, in March 2023 acid leaching with beneficiation (see Figure 2) was
selected as the preferred flowsheet for the Project2. This decision followed a review of prior test work and
high-level benchmarking of five comparator lithium projects by the global engineering, procurement,
construction and maintenance company Fluor Corporation (Fluor), which indicated that acid leaching with
beneficiation was expected to produce the best economic outcome for the Project. The resultant McDermitt
flowsheet (Figure 2) is very similar to that utilised and extensively validated by Lithium Americas
Corporation (TSX: LAC) at its Thacker Pass project, which is currently under construction and is also located
in the McDermitt Caldera (~30km south of the McDermitt Lithium Project).
Fluor was subsequently appointed as lead engineer for the McDermitt PFS in June 20233, including managing
an extensive bench scale metallurgical test work program at Hazen Research Inc. in Colorado, USA, aimed at
validating the preferred flowsheet and providing data to inform the PFS (PFS Test Work). To date Jindalee
has announced exceptional results from the McDermitt PFS Test Work including results from beneficiation
test work in November 20234 and acid leaching in January 20245. Respective highlights include:
•
•
Beneficiation: Beneficiation of a composite sample of McDermitt ore using attrition scrubbing
(250μm cut-size), recorded 92.0% Li recovery with 25.3% mass rejection, demonstrating the
excellent potential to remove acid consuming material and increase the Lithium grade of leach feed4.
Acid Leaching: Excellent lithium (Li) extraction rates were achieved from sulphuric acid leaching of
beneficiated McDermitt ore. Li extraction from composite samples averaged 93% (250μm) and 94%
(75μm) using 500kg sulphuric acid per tonne of leach feed5.
Subsequent to the acid leaching test work described above, an additional 300 kg composite sample (250 µm,
comprising Units 4, 6, 8, and 10) was leached, yielding lithium in solution (leachate) for downstream test
work (post-leach process steps – see Figure 2). The purification of the lithium-rich solution was successfully
completed, resulting in the first production of battery-grade lithium carbonate, assaying 99.8% Li₂CO₃ with
acceptable levels of deleterious elements in accordance with a typical third-party contract specification. This
achievement significantly de-risks the Project by demonstrating the effectiveness of all process steps of the
flowsheet at bench scale. Reaching this milestone provides strong validation of the flowsheet developed for
McDermitt.
Fig 2 – McDermitt Flowsheet
First Production of Battery Grede Lithium Carbonate from McDermitt –July 2024
Authorised for release by the Jindalee Board of Directors.
For further information please contact:
LINDSAY DUDFIELD
Executive Director
T:
+ 61 8 9321 7550
enquiry@jindalee.net
E:
IAN RODGER
Chief Executive Officer
T:
+ 61 8 9321 7550
E:
enquiry@jindalee.net
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Jindalee Lithium ASX announcement 27/02/2023: “Resource at McDermitt increases to 21.5 Mt LCE”
Jindalee Lithium ASX announcement 24/03/2023: “Preferred Lithium Extraction Process for McDermitt Project”
Jindalee Lithium ASX announcement 07/06/2023: “McDermitt Lithium Project PFS to Commence - Fluor Appointed Lead
Engineer”
Jindalee Lithium ASX announcement 15/11/2023: “Exceptional Metallurgical Results from McDermitt”
Jindalee Lithium ASX announcement 18/01/2024: “More Exceptional Metallurgical Results from McDermitt”
About Jindalee
Jindalee Lithium Limited (ASX: JLL) is a pure-play US lithium company focussed on the development of the giant McDermitt
Lithium Project (21.5 Mt LCE1), currently the largest lithium deposit in North America. Jindalee also provides shareholders
with indirect exposure to lithium, gold, base and strategic metals, iron ore and magnesite in Australia through our holding in
Dynamic Metals (ASX: DYM).
Competent Persons Statement
The information in this report that relates to Exploration Results, Mineral Resources or Ore Reserves is based on information
compiled by Mr Lindsay Dudfield. Mr Dudfield is a director and shareholder of, and consultant to, the Company and a Member
of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and the Australian Institute of Geoscientists. Mr Dudfield has sufficient
experience relevant to the styles of mineralisation and types of deposits under consideration, and to the activity being
undertaken, to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of
Exploration Results, Minerals Resources and Ore Reserves.’ Mr Dudfield consents to the inclusion in this report of the matters
based on this information in the form and context in which it appears.
The Company confirms that it is not aware of any further new information or data that materially affects the information
included in the original market announcements by Jindalee Lithium Limited referenced in this report and in the case of
estimates of Mineral Resources, that all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimates in the
relevant market announcements continue to apply and have not materially changed. To the extent disclosed above, the
Company confirms that the form and context in which the Competent Person’s findings are presented have not been materially
modified from the original market announcements.
Cut-off
Grade
Indicated Resource
Inferred Resource
Indicated and Inferred Resource
(ppm Li)
Tonnage
(Mt)
Li Grade
(ppm)
LCE (Mt)
Tonnage
(Mt)
Li Grade
(ppm)
LCE
(Mt)
Tonnage
(Mt)
Li Grade
(ppm)
LCE
(Mt)
1,000
1,470
1,420
11.1
1,540
1,270
10.4
3,000
1340
21.5
Table 1 – Summary of 2023 McDermitt Mineral Resource Estimate at the reporting cut-off of 1,000ppm1. Note: totals may vary
due to rounding. (Lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) is calculated by taking the lithium value and multiplying by 5.323 to determine
the molar equivalent in standard industry fashion).
Forward-Looking Statements
This document may contain certain forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include but are not limited to
statements concerning Jindalee Lithium Limited’s (Jindalee’s) current expectations, estimates and projections about the
industry in which Jindalee operates, and beliefs and assumptions regarding Jindalee’s future performance. When used in this
document, the words such as “anticipate”, “could”, “plan”, “estimate”, “expects”, “seeks”, “intends”, “may”, “potential”, “should”,
and similar expressions are forward-looking statements. Although Jindalee believes that its expectations reflected in these
forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other
factors, some of which are beyond the control of Jindalee and no assurance can be given that actual results will be consistent
with these forward-looking statements.
First Production of Battery Grede Lithium Carbonate from McDermitt –July 2024
Annexure A:
JORC Code, 2012 Edition – Table 1
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Sampling
techniques
•
•
•
•
•
Drilling
techniques
•
Drill sample
recovery
•
•
•
Logging
•
•
•
Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random chips, or specific
specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals
under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF
instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad
meaning of sampling.
Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the
appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used.
Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public
Report.
In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done this would be
relatively simple (eg ‘reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m
samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire
assay’). In other cases more explanation may be required, such as where
there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual
commodities or mineralisation types (eg submarine nodules) may warrant
disclosure of detailed information.
Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air blast,
auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter, triple or standard
tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, whether core is
oriented and if so, by what method, etc).
Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and
results assessed.
Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative
nature of the samples.
Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and
whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of
fine/coarse material.
Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically
logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation,
mining studies and metallurgical studies.
Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean,
channel, etc) photography.
The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged.
•
•
•
•
•
Diamond drilling was used to collect HQ triple tube (HQ3 63.5mm) diameter
core.
Core was cut and quarter core sampled on 1.5m intervals or lithological
and/or alteration boundaries.
Colluvium/overburden was not sampled.
All samples were placed into individually labelled, consecutively numbered
sample bags.
Metallurgical test work samples were a composite sample of quarter core or
coarse rejects from the previously conducted geochemical assaying and are
believed to be representative of the interval under investigation.
The samples (approximately 700kg total) came from holes MDD004,
MDD006, MDD012, MDD018, MDD023 and MDD026 with samples taken
from Units 4, 6, 8 and 10 within the Indicated portion of conceptual Pit Shell 5
(nominal 0-20 years).
•
•
Diamond drilling was used to collect HQ3 (63.5mm) diameter core.
Core holes were drilled vertically, and core was not oriented.
•
Core blocks inserted by the drilling company indicated the length of a run and
the amount of recovered core in feet. The site geologist converted this to
metres and core recovery was recorded on the sampling sheet. Core
recovery was the primary focus for the drill contractor and was typically >90%
in the zones of interest.
Core recovery was recorded by the site geologist, and 1m downhole depths
marked prior to geological logging and sampling.
No relationship between recovery and grade was observed, no core loss was
observed over the interval under investigation.
•
•
•
•
Qualitative lithological descriptions were recorded by the field geologist once
core had been presented and depths marked. Correlation of this information
to the field mapping and stratigraphic sections described in the immediate
area is ongoing to build a comprehensive picture of the geology over the
project area.
Photos (wet and dry) were taken of all core trays for later review.
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Sub-sampling
techniques
and sample
preparation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Quality of
assay data
and
laboratory
tests
Verification of
sampling and
assaying
Location of
data points
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Data spacing
and
distribution
•
•
•
If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken.
If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and whether
sampled wet or dry.
For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the sample
preparation technique.
Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise
representivity of samples.
Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in-situ
material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half
sampling.
Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being
sampled.
•
•
The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory
procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total.
For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, the
parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and
model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc.
Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, blanks,
duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of
accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision have been established.
•
The verification of significant intersections by either independent or
alternative company personnel.
The use of twinned holes.
Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data
storage (physical and electronic) protocols.
Discuss any adjustment to assay data.
Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and downhole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral
Resource estimation.
Specification of the grid system used.
Quality and adequacy of topographic control.
•
•
Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results.
Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree
of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and
Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied.
Whether sample compositing has been applied.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Core was cut, and quarter core sampled over 2m intervals.
The samples were individually crushed to 70% passing less than 2mm, and
500g sub samples were riffle split off by ALS Laboratories in Reno, Nevada
with the remaining samples (coarse residues) averaging approximately 1.7kg
each.
Quarter core and the coarse residue samples from ALS Laboratories were
forwarded to Hazen Research Inc. in Golden, Colorado (Hazen) where they
were crushed to 100% passing 1.7mm before compositing to be used for the
metallurgical testwork documented in this announcement.
A composite sample (comprising Units 4, 6, 8 and 10) was beneficiated to 250 micron cut size without any further grinding and was leached with
sulphuric acid and the leachate subsequently purified to produce batterygrade lithium carbonate.
Samples were originally assayed by ALS Laboratories in Reno, Nevada via a
4-acid digest of a 0.25g sample split with a 48 element ICP-MS finish as
previously reported.
Hazen analysed the head sample for Li and a range of other elements using
4-acid digest and peroxide fusion digest with the digested solution analysed
by ICP-OES.
Laboratory QAQC involves the use of internal lab standards, splits and
replicates as part of in-house procedures. Hazen participates in numerous
external umpire assessments to maintain high levels of QAQC in relation to
their peers.
Assay results were verified by more than one Jindalee geologist.
Data from Hazen is received and stored electronically. To date no .pdf
certificates have been received for the assays completed by Hazen.
Drill hole locations were surveyed using a handheld Garmin GPS with an
accuracy of +/- 3m horizontally, and +/- 5m vertically; hole positions were also
checked against a Digital Elevation Model (DEM).
Locations are reported in metres NAD83 Zone11.
Downhole surveys were undertaken at approximately 30m intervals downhole
and at the end of hole. The maximum variation from vertical observed was
1.7°, typically <0.5°, with a survey accuracy of +/- 0.1°.
Spacing of drilling and associated sampling is adequate for assessment of
the areas and geological horizon(s) of interest.
An Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resource has been estimated for the
McDermitt Project (refer Jindalee’s ASX announcement dated 27/02/2023 for
further details).
Sample compositing was undertaken for metallurgical test work as described
above.
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Orientation of
data in
relation to
geological
structure
•
•
•
Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible
structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the deposit type.
If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key
mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this
should be assessed and reported if material.
Vertical drill holes were appropriate for assessing the flat lying units of
interest. Downhole lengths reported are therefore the same as true widths.
Sample
security
•
The measures taken to ensure sample security.
•
Samples were collected by qualified geological consultants engaged by
Jindalee and stored on site in locked sample storage bins provided by ALS
Laboratories, who then collected the bins and transported them to their
facilities in either Reno or Elko, USA.
Metallurgical samples were sent from ALS Laboratories in Reno, Nevada to
Hazen Research Inc. in Golden, Colorado, USA.
All samples were received as expected by the laboratories with no missing or
mis-labelled samples.
•
•
Audits or
reviews
•
The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data.
•
The testwork undertaken by Hazen was supervised by metallurgists
employed by Hazen and reviewed by senior metallurgists and chemical
engineers from Fluor Corporation.
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Mineral
tenement and
land tenure
status
•
•
Exploration
done by other
parties
•
Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements
or material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships,
overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or
national park and environmental settings.
The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known
impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the area.
Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties.
•
At McDermitt, historic uranium exploration by Chevron first identified the
presence of lithium. No data from historic work undertaken within the
McDermitt Project area has been obtained.
Geology
•
Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation.
•
Lithium is hosted in flat-lying, lacustrine sediments deposited within the
Tertiary aged McDermitt caldera.
•
•
Samples reported are all from land managed by the US Bureau of Land
Management, with the mineral rights held under placer and lode claims
owned 100% by HiTech Minerals Inc., a wholly owned US based subsidiary
of Jindalee Resources Limited.
No joint ventures or royalty interests are applicable.
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Drill hole
Information
•
A summary of all information material to the understanding of the exploration
results including a tabulation of the following information for all Material drill
holes:
o easting and northing of the drill hole collar
o elevation or RL (Reduced Level – elevation above sea level in metres) of
the drill hole collar
o dip and azimuth of the hole
o down hole length and interception depth
o hole length.
If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the information
is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from the understanding of
the report, the Competent Person should clearly explain why this is the case.
In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, maximum
and/or minimum grade truncations (eg cutting of high grades) and cut-off
grades are usually Material and should be stated.
Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high grade results
and longer lengths of low grade results, the procedure used for such
aggregation should be stated and some typical examples of such
aggregations should be shown in detail.
The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values should be
clearly stated.
•
Please see table and figures in main body of text, including in previous
releases referenced above.
•
These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration
Results.
If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is
known, its nature should be reported.
If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there should
be a clear statement to this effect (eg ‘down hole length, true width not
known’).
•
Significant intercepts are presented as a weighted average above a 1000ppm
Li cut-off, with a maximum of 10 feet (3.05m) internal ‘waste’ (where ‘waste’ is
defined as intervals with less than 1000ppm Li) and a minimum downhole
width of 20 feet (6.1m).
Conversion from Li ppm to Li2O is achieved by multiplying by 2.153 and
converting to %.
Lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) is calculated by taking the Li value and
multiplying by 5.323 to determine the molar equivalent in standard industry
fashion.
Vertical drill holes were appropriate for assessing the flat lying units of
interest. Downhole lengths reported are therefore the same as true widths.
Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts
should be included for any significant discovery being reported These should
include, but not be limited to a plan view of drill hole collar locations and
appropriate sectional views.
Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practicable,
representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should be
practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration Results.
Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be reported
including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical survey
results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples – size and method of
treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical
and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances.
•
See main body of announcement.
•
Only selected metallurgical test results relevant to this release have been
reported.
•
Field mapping across the project area, aerial photography and description of
stratigraphic sections exposed in several escarpments allows for correlation
of the geology between drill holes.
Metallurgical test work is reported herein. Other data published is from
previous releases and references to these have been provided.
The nature and scale of planned further work (eg tests for lateral extensions
or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling).
Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, including the
• Metallurgical testwork (previously announced) has indicated high lithium
•
Data
aggregation
methods
•
•
•
Relationship
between
mineralisation
widths and
intercept
lengths
•
Diagrams
•
Balanced
reporting
•
Other
substantive
exploration
data
•
Further work
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
recoveries from leaching with sulphuric acid at moderate temperature and
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, provided this
information is not commercially sensitive.
•
•
atmospheric pressure and that the mineralised material can be beneficiated
using attrition scrubbing.
Further metallurgical test work is currently underway to identify improved
options for lithium extraction ahead of a Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS) expected
to be completed in Q4 2024.
Additional drilling is planned to define extensions to known mineralisation,
upgrade the mineral resource estimate and obtain samples for further
metallurgical testwork.
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